![]() Ĭhen Y, Hu N, Zhang Q et al (2019) Impacts of green manure amendment on detritus micro-food web in a double-rice cropping system. Ĭhatterjee D, Nayak AK, Datta SC et al (2021) Transformation of crystalline and short-range order minerals in a long-term (47 years) rice-rice cropping system. īarré P, Velde B, Abbadie L (2007) Dynamic role of illite-like clay minerals in temperate soils: facts and hypotheses. Academic Press, pp 29–47Īnsari MA, Choudhury BU, Layek J et al (2022) Green manuring and crop residue management: Effect on soil organic carbon stock, aggregation, and system productivity in the foothills of Eastern Himalaya (India). In: Upadhyay SK (ed) Cation transporters in plants. 2 - potassium (K +) transporters in plants: regulation and functional role in K + uptake and homeostasis. Īngst G, Mueller KE, Kögel-Knabner I et al (2017) Aggregation controls the stability of lignin and lipids in clay-sized particulate and mineral associated organic matter. Īngst G, Mueller KE, Castellano MJ et al (2023) Unlocking complex soil systems as carbon sinks: multi-pool management as the key. Īndrade GRP, Cuadros J, Partiti CSM et al (2018) Sequential mineral transformation from kaolinite to Fe-illite in two Brazilian mangrove soils. Green manure returning (especially MV and RG) altered the SOC content of mSOC by converting 2:1 minerals into 1:1 minerals, and emerged as an effective strategy for SOC accumulation in paddy soils, which was further governed by aggregate size.Īblimit R, Li W, Zhang J et al (2022) Altering microbial community for improving soil properties and agricultural sustainability during a 10-year maize-green manure intercropping in Northwest China. The SOC content of mSOC was positively correlated with the amount of illite but negatively with kaolinite. Futhermore, lattice fringe spacing under MV contracted from 1.0 to 0.7 nm within mSOC in microaggregates, suggesting that MV favored the transformation of illite into kaolinite. MV application caused significant changes in illite, with fractured lattice stripes within mSOC in macroaggregates and bent lattice stripes within mSOC in microaggregates. Phyllosilicate minerals of mSOC were mainly illite (51.0-61.9%) and kaolinite (29.2–37.3%). Dominant functional groups in mSOC were polysaccharide C and alkene C. Green manure application increased SOC contents in the bulk soil by 8.4% (MV, p < 0.05), 1.2% (RP) and 4.8% (RG) compared to WF, and mainly altered SOC composition in mSOC of macroaggregates. Fourier-transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy and high resolution transmission electron microscopy were used to analyze mSOC, revealing composition characteristics and interactions between SOC and minerals. MethodsĪ 36-year (1982–2018) field experiment was conducted on a rice-rice-green manure crop rotation system, including rice-rice-winter fallow (WF), rice-rice-Chinese milk vetch (MV), rice-rice-rape (RP), and rice-rice-ryegrass (RG). The effects of three green manure varieties on mineral associated organic carbon (mSOC) and clay minerals in macroaggregates and microaggregates and SOC sequestration mechanism were explored in paddy soils in southern China. The reactivity of the ceramic with moisture is shown to be directly related to the crystallinity of the fired clay.Green manure is commonly used to improve soil organic carbon (SOC) stock, which is mainly combined with soil minerals and stored in aggregates. SEM was used to examine microstructural changes in the fired specimens. Kaolin fired at 1200 oC exhibited the least reactivity with moisture and mullite was found to be the dominant crystalline phase after firing at that temperature. This causes a reduction in the amorphous phase which, in turn, leads to reduced mass gain. It was found that the formation and development of crystalline phases increases with increasing firing temperature. Following firing, high accuracy mass gain measurements were carried out using a microbalance under precisely controlled conditions of temperature and relative humidity. Kaolinite transformations following firing at a range of temperatures between 7 oC were examined by XRD. The consequence of this mass gain is an accompanying expansive strain. This reaction causes a mass increase that is proportional to the fourth root of time. Immediately following firing, kaolin starts to chemically combine with atmospheric moisture. On firing, kaolin (mainly kaolinite) undergoes several phase transformations. ![]() Kaolinite (2SiO2.Al2O3.2H¬¬¬¬2O), an aluminosilicate mineral, is the most common constituent mineral in clay used in manufacturing traditional ceramics such as whitewares, some refractories and structural clay products.
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